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5G Cellular Networks

Our research focuses on Resource provisioning and resource management for 5G/ renewable energy powered Cellular networks. 

Team Members

  • Vinay Chamola (Senior Member, IEEE)
  • Vikas Hassija
  • Praveen Gorla
  • Vivek Rathore

Collaborators

  • Nirwan Ansari, NJIT, USA (Fellow, IEEE)
  • Dusit Niyato, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Fellow, IEEE)
  • Mohsen Guizani, Qatar University (Fellow, IEEE)
  • Biplab Sikdar, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Our Publications in 5G and Cellular Networks Area

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5G and Blockchain are potentially revolutionizing future technologies. 5G promises high rates and quality of service (QoS) to the users and blockchain guarantees a high level of trust and security among the peers. Applications that would be using 5G have varying needs in terms of speed, bandwidth, latency and various other factors. Augmented reality, self-driving vehicles and other IoT applications tend to use 5G for reliable and fast communication. To work seamlessly and securely in such scenarios a more specialized and efficient approach would be required. In this paper, we have identified the specific areas where blockchain could be utilized to enhance the security and privacy of the 5G services offered to the users. The current challenges faced in deployment and upliftment of 5G and their related solutions based on blockchain are discussed. A model for Multi-Operator Network Slicing in 5G using blockchain is also presented along with 5G blockchain implementation.

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Next generation communication relies on standardized protocols, heterogeneous architectures and advanced technologies that are envisioned to bring ubiquitous and seamless connectivity. This evolution of communication will not only improve the performance of the existing networks, but will also enables various applications in other fields while integrating different heterogeneous systems. This massive scaling of mobile communication requires higher bandwidth to operate. 5G promises a robust solution by offering ultra-low latency and high bandwidth for data transmission. To provide individuals and companies with a real-time, social, and all connected experience , an end-to-end coordinated architecture which is agile and intelligent has to be designed at each stage. As FPGA has the potential to be resource/power efficient, it can be used for building up constituents of 5G infrastructure. It can accelerate network performance without making a large investment in new hardware. Dynamic reconfigurability and in-field programming features of FPGAs compared to fixed function ASICs help in developing better wireless systems. This article presents various applications areas of FPGAs for the upcoming 5G network planning.

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There is an increasing need to power cellular base stations (BSs) using solar energy in many parts of the globe. This is primarily because of the high cost of running these base stations on traditional power sources such as diesel due to lack of reliable grid availability in those areas. Apart from the high cost, the increasing diesel consumption also causes harm to the environment due to its increasing global carbon footprint. Using solar energy powered base stations is a highly promising solution to address these issues. One of the main areas of concern for solar powered cellular networks is to precisely manage the resources, namely, the available spectrum and energy so as to avoid power outages and to maintain an acceptable Quality of Service (QoS) for the end users. This article gives an overview of the challenges faced in resource management for solar powered base stations and presents state-of-the-art resource management strategies for both grid-connected and off-grid solar powered base stations.

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Cellular base stations (BSs) powered by renewable energy like solar power have emerged as a promising solution to address the issues of reducing the carbon footprint of the telecom industry as well as the operational cost associated with powering the BSs. This paper considers a network of off-grid solar powered BSs and addresses two key challenges while operating them (a) avoiding energy outages and (b) ensuring reliable quality of service (in terms of the network latency). In order to do so, the problem of minimizing the network latency given the constrained energy availability at the BSs is formulated. Unlike existing literature which have addressed this problem using user-association reconfiguration or BS on/off strategies, we address the problem by proposing an intelligent algorithm for allocating the harvested green energy over time, and green energy and delay aware downlink power control and user association. Using a real BS deployment scenario, we show the efficacy of our methodology and demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing benchmarks.

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The increasing deployment of cellular networks across the globe has brought two issues to the forefront: the energy cost of running these networks and the associated environmental impact. Also, most of the recent growth in cellular networks has been in developing countries, where the unavailability of reliable electricity grids forces operators to use sources like diesel generators for power, which not only increases operating costs but also contributes to pollution. Cellular base stations powered by renewable energy sources such as solar power have emerged as one of the promising solutions to these issues. This article presents an overview of the state-of- the-art in the design and deployment of solar powered cellular base stations. The article also discusses current challenges in the deployment and operation of such base stations and some of the proposed solutions.
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The dimensioning of photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery sizes is one of the major issues regarding the design of solar powered cellular base stations (BSs). This letter proposes a multistate Markov model for the hourly harvested solar energy to determine the cost optimal PV panel and battery dimensions for a given tolerable outage probability at a cellular BS.
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One of the major issues in the deployment of solar powered base stations (BSs) is to dimension the photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery size resources, while satisfying outage constraints with least cost. The fundamental step in this dimen-sioning is to evaluate the power outage probability associated with a particular configuration of PV panel and battery size. This paper addresses this issue by first proposing an analytic model to evaluate the power outage probability of a solar powered BS. The proposed model accounts for hourly as well as daily variation in the harvested solar energy as well as the load dependent BS power consumption. The model evaluates the steady state probability of the battery level which is then used to estimate the BS power outage probability. Next, given a tolerable power outage probability, we address the problem of obtaining the cost-optimal PV panel and battery dimensions for the BS. The proposed model and framework have been evaluated using empirical solar energy data for geographically diverse locations.
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The unprecedented outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus, termed as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has placed numerous governments around the world in a precarious position. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, earlier witnessed by the citizens of China alone, has now become a matter of grave concern for virtually every country in the world. The scarcity of resources to endure the COVID-19 outbreak combined with the fear of overburdened healthcare systems has forced a majority of these countries into a state of partial or complete lockdown. The number of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus cases has been increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world, with reportedly more than 3 million confirmed cases as of 30 April 2020. Adding to these woes, numerous false reports, misinformation, and unsolicited fears in regards to coronavirus, are being circulated regularly since the outbreak of the COVID-19. In response to such acts, we draw on various reliable sources to present a detailed review of all the major aspects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the direct health implications associated with the outbreak of COVID-19, this study highlights its impact on the global economy. In drawing things to a close, we explore the use of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and 5G, among others, to help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak.
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Base stations (BSs) equipped with resources to harvest renewable energy are not only environment-friendly but can also reduce the grid energy consumed, thus bringing cost savings for the cellular network operators. Intelligent management of the harvested energy can further increase the cost savings. Such management of energy savings has to be carefully coupled with managing the quality of service so as to ensure customer satisfaction. In such a process, there is a trade-off between the energy drawn from grid and the quality of service. Unlike prior studies which mainly focus on network energy minimization, this paper proposes a framework for jointly managing the grid energy savings and the quality of service (in terms of the network latency) which is achieved by downlink power control and user association reconfiguration. We use a real BS deployment scenario from London, UK to show the performance of our proposed framework and compare it against existing benchmarks. We show that the proposed framework can lead to around 60% grid energy savings as well as better network latency performance than the traditionally used scheme.
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Using renewable resources like solar energy to power the base stations (BSs) has emerged as a promising solution for greening cellular networks. One of the key challenges in operating a network of such BSs is to intelligently manage the green energy available to the BSs while ensuring reliable quality of service (QoS). This paper presents a methodology for maximizing the QoS, in terms of the network latency, given the constraints on the energy availability at the solar-powered BSs. In contrast to existing approaches based on user association reconfiguration, our methodology uses a combination of intelligent energy allocation and BS downlink power control. Using a real BS deployment scenario from UK, we show the efficacy of our algorithm and demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing benchmarks.
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5G communications technologies are the backbone of future communications systems in satisfying different heterogeneous requirements of the industry and consumer applications. These systems rely on standardized protocols and heterogeneous architectures to engineer massive scaling of communication devices. Network Slicing (NS) can be incorporated into 5G to cater to the ever increasing needs of the smart communications, ranging from Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) to UltraReliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC). In this article, we present the performance analysis of such a network using real-world deployment and testing senarios and setting. To account for the transparency and security, a Blockchain-based model is integrated within the network operations. In particular, we carefully account for the latency aware operations of the Network Slicing along with its allocation by telecom providers using Blockchain. Furthermore, provisioning the Blockchain in the Network Slice allocations increases the transparency and efficiency of resource handling operations within the network.
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The fifth-generation (5G) cellular technology aims at providing network services at high speed with reliable Quality of Service (QoS). To enable this, 5G deploys Massive MultiInput Multi-Output (MIMO) to increase the capacity of a Base Station (BS) and the efficiency of the network. Provisioning guaranteed and reliable services to support MIMO requires effective resource management. Blockchain is a highly promising solution to enable multi-dimensional management of various resources such as spectrum allocation and user association. It can potentially mitigate spectrum under-utilization and can help in scaling up the deployment of different 5G services. In this article, we present a model for Blockchain-based multi-operator service provisioning for 5G users. In particular, we present a Blockchain-based implementation model for spectrum sharing between the operators to minimize spectrum under-utilization.
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Parking lot allocation problem has received much attention in recent years. There have been various works in the literature that target the parking slot allocation problem. However, most of these works use algorithms that run on centralized servers and are based on some predictions on historical data. Due to the dynamic nature of vehicular networks, the accuracy of such prediction models is not high which ends up in a chaotic situation for the parking lot owners as well as the vehicle owners. Therefore, a distributed Parking slot Allocation Framework based on Adaptive Pricing Algorithm and Virtual Voting is proposed in this paper. The proposed model is based on virtual voting and hashgraph consensus algorithm. Using the model, all users and parking lot owners can easily come to consensus finality about the allocation of a parking slot with the use of minimal bandwidth. The proposed model provides a fair, fast and cost-optimal parking slot allocation method. The perfect ordering of allocation requests is also maintained based on consensus timestamp. Further, an adaptive pricing model is proposed to enhance the overall revenue of the parking lot owners and comfort of the users. The proposed model is deterministic and can reduce the average parking cost and time. Performance evaluations reveal that the proposed model outperforms its counterparts in terms of accurate parking slot allocation, reduced cost and parking lot resource utilization.

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